Nicotinamide Riboside
Tested in peopleGet notified when the evidence changes.
It has been tested in people, but it is not an approved medicine. The studies are usually small.
Compiled and reviewed by the PeptideSearch Editorial Team · Status checked 2026-09-04
Also called NR / Niagen / Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride
A form of vitamin B3 the body turns into NAD+. Sold as a capsule. Tested in people in small trials for nerve, brain and heart problems.
The body turns nicotinamide riboside into NAD+, so the two are often talked about as one thing. They are separate molecules, given in different ways: see what the research shows on NAD+.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide is the other common building block sold for the same purpose. It has its own separate trials: see what the research shows on Nicotinamide Mononucleotide.
The basics
- What is it?
- A form of vitamin B3. The body converts it into NAD+, the fuel-handling molecule inside cells. It is swallowed as a capsule, not injected.
- What do we know?
- Small trials in people show it does raise NAD+ levels in blood, and it has been tested for safety at high doses in Parkinson's disease.
- What do we still not know?
- Whether raising NAD+ this way changes how anyone actually feels or how a disease progresses. Most trials are small and short.
Official status: Not nominated for 503A compounding · Checked 2026-09-04
Can a doctor prescribe this?
- Small pharmacy (503A)
- Never put forward to FDA
- Large outsourcing facility (503B)
- Never put forward to FDA
Not an FDA-approved medicine. It is sold in the United States as a dietary supplement ingredient, which is a different legal route from pharmacy compounding. Nobody has put it forward for pharmacies to make as a medicine.
503A is a pharmacy making a single prescription for one patient. 503B is a facility making batches. They are governed by separate lists. Where a category is shown, it is a position on the FDA's list of substances that have been put forward and are still being worked through — not the final list, which is set by rulemaking. Category 1 means the FDA does not plan to act against a pharmacy that makes it while the review runs.
What happens next
A reading of the FDA nominated-substance lists and the new dietary ingredient record for nicotinamide riboside before any status is published.
Supplement rules and pharmacy compounding rules are different laws. Neither answer should be guessed from the other.
Doses used in research
Taken word for word from the studies and trials listed on this page. This is not a recommendation and not a dose for anyone to take.
- Study in peopleThe differential impact of three different NAD<sup>+</sup> boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans.
Head-to-head comparison of NAD+, nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide. Shared row: also listed on the other two pages, so do not add human totals across pages.
Nature metabolism · 2026
- Study in peopleEvaluation of Nicotinamide Riboside in Prevention of Small Nerve Fiber Axon Degeneration and Promotion of Nerve Regeneration.
Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2026
- Study in peopleNAD+ augmentation by nicotinamide riboside engages SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling to attenuate Th17 inflammation in psoriasis.
JCI insight · 2026
- Study in peopleNicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces frequency and severity of undesirable symptoms of the menopause transition: an open-label, pilot clinical trial.
Frontiers in aging · 2026
- Study in peopleA phase-II randomized controlled pilot study of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
- Study in peopleNicotinamide Riboside Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity Through Restoration of NAD<sup>+</sup> Homeostasis and Nrf2/NQO1-Dependent Antioxidant Signaling.
Cells · 2026
- Study in peoplePreliminary Safety Analysis of Two Pilot Clinical Trials Involving Injections of Niagen®, Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride
2026
- Study in peopleNicotinamide Riboside Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Intestinal Dysfunction by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity, Restoring Immune Homeostasis, and Modulating Gut Microbiota in a Boar Model.
Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026
- Study in peopleNicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Benefits in Patients With Werner Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Aging cell · 2025
- Study in peopleNicotinamide riboside combined with exercise to treat hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
GeroScience · 2025
- Study in peopleFeasibility of telehealth exercise and nicotinamide riboside supplementation in survivors of childhood cancer at risk for diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Pediatric blood & cancer · 2025
- Study in peopleEffects of NAD<sup>+</sup> supplementation with oral nicotinamide riboside on vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with peripheral artery disease: Results from a pilot 4-week open-label clinical trial.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025
- Study in peopleMulti-omics characterization of improved cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease patients after the combined metabolic activator treatment: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II trial.
Brain communications · 2025
- Study in peopleEffect of nicotinamide riboside on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Nature aging · 2024
- Study in peopleRandomized, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical study evaluating acute Niagen®+ IV and NAD+ IV in healthy adults
2024
- Study in peopleLong-Term Nicotinamide Riboside Use Improves Coordination and Eye Movements in Ataxia Telangiectasia.
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024
- Study in peopleNicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial.
Nature communications · 2024
- Study in peopleOral nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ and lowers biomarkers of neurodegenerative pathology in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin.
Aging cell · 2023
- Study in peopleNR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind safety trial of high dose nicotinamide riboside in Parkinson's disease.
Nature communications · 2023
- Study in peopleRandomized crossover clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and nicotinamide riboside in chronic kidney disease.
JCI insight · 2023
- Study in peopleNicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2023
- Study in peopleCombined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial.
Translational neurodegeneration · 2023
- Study in peopleThe NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson's disease.
Cell metabolism · 2022
- Study in peopleEffects of in ovo injection of nicotinamide riboside on high-yield broiler myogenesis.
Journal of animal science · 2022
- Study in peopleNicotinamide riboside as a neuroprotective therapy for glaucoma: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control trial.
Trials · 2022
- Study in peopleExercise training and NR supplementation to improve muscle mass and fitness in adolescent and young adult hematopoietic cell transplant survivors: a randomized controlled trial {1}.
BMC cancer · 2022
- Study in peopleA randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene supplementation in experimental muscle injury in elderly individuals.
JCI insight · 2022
- Study in peopleCombined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021
- Study in peopleNicotinamide Riboside Enhances In Vitro Beta-adrenergic Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021
- Study in peopleNicotinamide riboside with pterostilbene (NRPT) increases NAD<sup>+</sup> in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stepwise safety study of escalating doses of NRPT in patients with AKI.
BMC nephrology · 2020
- Study in peopleNicotinamide riboside does not alter mitochondrial respiration, content or morphology in skeletal muscle from obese and insulin-resistant men.
The Journal of physiology · 2020
- Study in peopleDistinct Fecal and Plasma Metabolites in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Modulation after Microbiota Transfer Therapy.
mSphere · 2020
- Study in peopleEffects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Incretin Hormones in Nondiabetic Men With Obesity.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019
- Study in peopleA randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects.
The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2018
- Study in peopleFasting and refeeding differentially regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human subjects.
The Journal of clinical investigation · 2015
- Data from people, not a trialThe therapeutic effect of nicotinamide riboside chloride on ameliorating alcohol-induced neuronal damage with a focus on mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy.
Genes & diseases · 2026
- Data from people, not a trialModulation of SIRT1/PPARγ pathways and tight junction proteins by nicotinamide riboside under chronic variable stress.
Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Protects Against Heat-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Female Mice.
Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceLong-term region-specific mitochondrial respiration impairment after perinatal asphyxia is prevented by the NAD⁺ donor nicotinamide riboside: A real-time organotypic metabolic profiling approach.
Pharmacological research · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceAcute Toxicological Profile of Pharmaceutical-Grade Nicotinamide Riboside: A Route-Dependent Assessment Across Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Subcutaneous Administration
2026
- Animal study, rats or miceDose-Dependent Angiogenic Effects of Intravenous Nicotinamide Riboside in Mice with a Lewis Lung Carcinoma Model.
Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceGlucocorticoid excess disrupts NAD+ homeostasis in male and female mice.
The Journal of endocrinology · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNicotinamide riboside enhances liver regeneration via the MCART1/ASB3 axis in obesity-compromised rats.
Hepatology communications · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceRepeated Disuse Atrophy Imprints a Molecular Memory in Skeletal Muscle: Transcriptional Resilience in Young Adults and Susceptibility in Aged Muscle.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNicotinamide riboside treatment enhances stress sensitivity and modulates hematological dynamics in aged mice.
GeroScience · 2026
- Animal study, larger animalsFinishing Barrow Skeletal Muscle Performance and Fatigue Response to Large-Dose Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation.
Metabolites · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceCorrigendum to 'Nicotinamide riboside, pterostilbene and ibudilast protect motor neurons and extend survival in ALS mice'.
Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNicotinamide Riboside Enhances Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dopaminergic Signaling Independent of Neuron Survival in a Double-Hit Parkinson’s Model
2026
- Animal study, rats or miceMitochondrial genome instability disrupts brown adipose tissue through pseudohypoxia-iron-NAD⁺ axis
2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNAD<sup>+</sup> precursor treatment prevents cardiomyopathy but disrupts erythroid maturation in mitochondrial progeria.
Cell reports · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNicotinamide Riboside (NR) Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in db/db Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNicotinamide riboside prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in nemaline myopathy type 6.
Human molecular genetics · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceNeuroprotective impact of nicotinamide riboside and metformin on the hippocampus of male rats with diet-induced obesity.
Metabolic brain disease · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceCombined nicotinamide riboside and magnesium-l-theanine protects against chronic stress-induced gut-liver injury by modulating NAD⁺ and metabolic pathways.
Molecular biology reports · 2025
- Animal study, rats or miceTargeting SIRT3 to regulate mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis for preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025
- Animal study, rats or miceNicotinamide Riboside Attenuated Cell Damage Induced by the MT-ND4 (G11778A) Mutation
2025
- Animal study, rats or miceMaternal Administration of Acetaminophen Affects Meiosis Through its Metabolite NAPQI Targeting SIRT7 in Fetal Oocytes.
Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2024
- Studied in worms or fishDecabromodiphenyl Ethane Sensitizes Zebrafish to Alcoholic Liver Injury by Compromising NAD+-Mediated Multicellular Responses.
Environmental science & technology · 2026
- Studied in worms or fishEarly life high-fat diet exposure modulates adult metabolic phenotypes in <i>Drosophila</i>.
iScience · 2026
- Lab dish studyAcetylation of PRDX5 aggravates the oxidative stress and apoptosis of retinal neurons induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
Tissue & cell · 2026
- Lab dish studyNicotinamide riboside enhances the efficacy of gemcitabine and suppresses PDAC premalignant lesions via SIRT3 activation.
Biochemical pharmacology · 2026
- Lab dish studyHair growth enhancement via mitochondrial activation by Mito-activator complex.
International journal of cosmetic science · 2026
- Lab dish studyNicotinamide Riboside Mitigates Antiphospholipid Antibody-Induced Dysfunction in Human Trophoblast Cells.
American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026
- Lab dish studySIRT2 mitigates radiation-induced oral mucositis by promoting homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-strand break repair in epithelial stem cells.
Cancer letters · 2026
- Lab dish studyDiabetes-Associated Enteric Neuropathy: An Overlooked Driver of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026
- Lab dish studyNicotinamide riboside alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing ferroptosis.
Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025
- Studied in plants, bacteria or fungi, not animals[Metabolic engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for efficient production of nicotinamide riboside].
Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology · 2026
- No abstract available, not yet classifiedCorrection to: Nicotinamide Riboside: A Promising Treatment for Type 1 Cardiorenal Syndrome in Myocardial Infarction-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Upregulating Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase-Mediated Nicotinamide Dinucleotide Levels.
Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026
- SIRT5-dependent regulation of ASL controls arginine metabolism and T cell function
2026
- No abstract available, not yet classifiedNicotinamide riboside tunes adoptive T cells for memory and metabolic fitness.
Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
- Nicotinamide riboside enhances adoptive T cell therapy by promoting memory differentiation and metabolic fitness.
Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
- The divergent effects of nicotinamide riboside and high-intensity exercise training on skeletal muscle epigenetic aging
2026
- No abstract available, not yet classifiedA Pilot Trial of Nicotinamide Riboside and Coenzyme Q10 on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in CKD.
Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025
- Polymorphism of Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride and Crystal Structure Determination of the Most Stable Crystalline Form
2023
- No abstract available, not yet classifiedNicotinamide riboside phosphorylase from human erythrocytes. I. Phosphorolytic activity.
The Journal of biological chemistry · 1958
- No abstract available, not yet classifiedNicotinamide riboside phosphorylase from human erythrocytes. II. Nicotinamide sensitivity.
The Journal of biological chemistry · 1958
- No abstract available, not yet classifiedThe phosphorolysis of nicotinamide riboside.
The Journal of biological chemistry · 1951
- Review of earlier workMitochondrial Resilience in Glaucoma: Targeting NAD<sup>+</sup> Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration with Nicotinamide Riboside and Berberine: Preliminary Clinical Evidence.
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
- Review of earlier workThe gut-brain-mitophagy axis: Urolithin A as a transcriptional activator of Parkin in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Molecular and cellular neurosciences · 2026
- Review of earlier workPharmacological Treatment of Cerebellar Ataxia in Pediatric Ataxia-Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review.
European journal of neurology · 2026
- Review of earlier workPharmacological Management of Diabetic Neuropathy: Current Evidence, Clinical Positioning, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.
Current neuropharmacology · 2026
- Review of earlier workAge-Dependent Progression of Neurological Involvement in PRPP Deficiency: Insights from a Four-Generation Family and Systematic Review.
Biomolecules · 2026
Spot an error? corrections@peptidesearch.org