Thymosin Beta-4
Tested in peopleIt has been tested in people, but it is not an approved medicine. The studies are usually small.
Also called TB4 / Tβ4 / Timbetasin / RGN-259
The full-length natural protein that TB-500 is a fragment of. This version has been tested in people for eye and wound conditions.
Can a doctor prescribe this?
No. Pharmacies are not on record as being allowed to make this into a medicine.
The FDA has not approved this as a medicine.
Not approved. Worth noting: human trial results for full-length Thymosin Beta-4 do not automatically apply to the shorter TB-500 fragment.
Official status: Not on the 503A bulks list. Checked 2026-08-04.
Lab suppliers we list: 3
Doses used in research
Taken word for word from the studies and trials listed on this page. This is not a recommendation and not a dose for anyone to take.
In human trials
See source wording
for 10 days
A Phase 1b Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Healthy VolunteersPHASE1 · NCT04555850
“Cohorts received ascending doses of either 0.5,2.0 or 5.0 ug/kg ..”
See source wording
into a vein · daily
Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta 4 for Injection(NL005) for Acute Myocardial InfarctionPHASE2 · NCT07586865
“It is supplied as a 1.5 mg (1 mL) vial and stored at 2-8°C.”
See source wording
into a vein · daily · for 3 days
A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Injectable Thymosin Beta 4 for Treating Acute Myocardial InfarctionPHASE2 · NCT01311518
“Injectable administration of Thymosin Beta 4 by intravenous bolus at 1200 mg, or 450 mg daily for 3 days then weekly for 4 consecutive weeks.”
See source wording
into a vein
A Phase 1a Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Healthy VolunteersPHASE1 · NCT04555824
“Cohorts received ascending doses of either 0.5, 2,5,12.5 or 25 ug/kg in Day1..”
See source wording
into a vein · for 7 days
Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction.InfarctionPHASE2 · NCT05485818
“12±4 hours after PCI: 0.25 ug/kg Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (intravenous injection),Day2-Day7 after PCI:0.25 ug/kg Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (intravenous injection).”
See source wording
once a day
A Phase 1 Safety Study of the Intravenous Administration of Thymosin Beta in Healthy VolunteersPHASE1 · NCT00743769
“Single bolus injections of ascending doses of 42 mg, 140 mg, 420 mg or 1,260 QD of thymosin beta 4.”
See source wording
into a vein · for 7 days
Efficacy and Safety Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Acute Myocardial InfarctionPHASE2 · NCT05984134
“Patients in this treatment group will receive NL005 for 0.5 ug/kg respective.Continuous administration for 7 days..”
In animal studies
See source wording
mice · once daily · for 6 days
Thymosin beta 4 prevents systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced plaque load in middle-age APP/PS1 mice.International immunopharmacology · 2023
“12.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 30) and their WT littermates (n = 29) were tested for baseline food burrowing performance, spatial working memory and exploratory drive in the spontaneous alternation and open-field tests, prior to being challenged with LPS (100ug/kg, i.v.) or its vehicle phosphate buffered saline (PBS).”
6 mg/kg
mice · another route
Thymosin beta-4 prenatal administration improves fetal development and halts side effects due to preterm delivery.European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2021
“on day E14 and E17 of gestation mice were weighed and treated with an intraperitoneal injection of TB4 (Regene RX, Rockville, MD, USA; 6 mg/kg in PBS).”
5 mcg/ml
rats ·
[Effect and mechanism of thymosin beta 4 on spinal cord-derived neural stem /progenitor cell injury induced by oxidative stress].Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology · 2022
“Methods NSPCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult male rats, and divided into control group (untreated NSPCs cells), H 2 O 2 group (NSPCs cells damaged by 500 μM H 2 O 2 ), Tβ4 -3 groups (NSPCs were treated with 1, 2.5, 5 μg/ml Tβ4 on the basis of H 2 O 2 treatment) and TAK-242 group [NSPCs were treated with 5 μg/ml Tβ4 and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) inhibitor TAK-242 on the basis of H 2 O 2 treatment].”
600 ng
mice ·
Thymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022
“We found that 600 ng/mL Tb4 significantly up-regulated AKT activity and Bcl-XL protein expression, enhanced dia-hiPSC-EC viability and proliferation, limited senescence, reduced endothelin-1 and MMP-1 secretion, and improved reparative potency of dia-hiPSC-ECs for treatment of ischemic limb disease in mice with T2DM.”
10 ng
rats ·
“It was found that 10 ng/mL Tβ4 increased migration, tubule formation, and angiogenic factor secretion of diabetic EPCs in vitro.”
- Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion.
Study in people
Cardiovascular research · 2025
- Role of Thymosin Beta 4 in the diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and its relation to Metabolic Syndrome in Egyptian patients.
Study in people
The Egyptian journal of immunology · 2022
- Thymosin Beta 4 as an Early Biomarker in Sepsis Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Study in people
Journal not recorded · 2021
- Reparative Outcomes in Corneal Infection: Linking Adjunctive Tβ4 Treatment to Nerve Regeneration and Visual Function.
Animal study, rats or mice
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
- Thymosin beta 4 as an Alzheimer disease intervention target identified using human brain organoids.
Animal study, rats or mice
Stem cell reports · 2025
- Thymosin beta 4 prevents systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced plaque load in middle-age APP/PS1 mice.
Animal study, rats or mice
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta-4 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection.
Animal study, rats or mice
Mediators of inflammation · 2021
- Thymosin beta-4 prenatal administration improves fetal development and halts side effects due to preterm delivery.
Animal study, rats or mice
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2021
- The role of thymosin beta 4 in renal podocyte function
Animal study, rats or mice
Journal not recorded · 2021
- Thymosin Beta 4 Is Involved in the Development of Electroacupuncture Tolerance.
Animal study, rats or mice
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019
- Thymosin beta 4 regulation of actin in sepsis.
Animal study, rats or mice
Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2018
- Understanding the effects of ciprofloxacin on corneal epithelial cells: a study using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology.
Lab dish study
Experimental eye research · 2026
- Inhaled exogenous thymosin beta 4 suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via TGF-β1 signalling pathway.
Lab dish study
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology · 2025
- Engineered Tandem Thymosin Peptide Promotes Corneal Wound Healing.
Lab dish study
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
- Activation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4 during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-induced keratitis.
Lab dish study
Frontiers in immunology · 2024
- In Vitro Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Promoting Transplanted Fat Survival by Regulating Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
Lab dish study
Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024
- Thymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.
Lab dish study
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Thymosin beta-4 participate in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.
Lab dish study
Fish & shellfish immunology · 2023
- Targeted Deletion of Thymosin Beta 4 in Hepatic Stellate Cells Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in a Transgenic Mouse Model.
Lab dish study
Cells · 2023
- Exogenous Thymosin Beta 4 Suppresses IPF-Lung Cancer in Mice: Possibly Associated with Its Inhibitory Effect on the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.
Lab dish study
International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
- [Effect and mechanism of thymosin beta 4 on spinal cord-derived neural stem /progenitor cell injury induced by oxidative stress].
Lab dish study
Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology · 2022
- Thymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.
Lab dish study
Stem cell research & therapy · 2022
- Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences MΦ Effector Cell Function to Improve Disease Outcome in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Keratitis.
Lab dish study
International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
- Thymosin beta 4 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting ferroptosis via up-regulation of GPX4.
Lab dish study
European journal of pharmacology · 2021
- Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Corneal Infection.
Lab dish study
Cells · 2021
- Antimicrobial Effects of Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Induced Keratitis.
Lab dish study
International journal of molecular sciences · 2020
- Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Obese Diabetic Rats Following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Thymosin Beta-4.
Lab dish study
Cells · 2020
- Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.
Free radical biology & medicine · 2025
- Retraction: The role of thymosin beta 4 on odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells.
PloS one · 2025
- Therapeutic potential of thymosin beta 4 in a variety of diseases.
Asian journal of surgery · 2024
- Thymosin Beta 4 Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Cells against PrP (106-126) via Neurotrophic Factor Signaling.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
- The preliminary study of exosomes derived from thymosin beta 4-treated adipose-derived stem cells in fat grafting.
Genes & genomics · 2023
- Thymosin beta 4: A potential novel adjunct treatment for bacterial keratitis.
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Thymosin Beta 4 Inhibits LPS and ATP-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cells via the Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
- Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 counter-regulates thymosin beta-4 expression and primary cilium formation for HeLa cervical cancer cell survival.
Scientific reports · 2022
- Aberrant Expression of Thymosin Beta-4 Correlates With Advanced Disease and BRAF V600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer.
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2022
- Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.
Microbial biotechnology · 2021
- Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced tumor growth is regulated by primary cilium formation via the axis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production-thymosin beta-4 gene expression.
International journal of medical sciences · 2021
- Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.
International immunopharmacology · 2021
- Thymosin beta 4: An emerging therapeutic candidate for kidney diseases.
Review of earlier work
Peptides · 2026
- Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance
Review of earlier work
Journal not recorded · 2026
- Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.
Review of earlier work
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
- Thymosin Beta-4 and TB-500 in Tissue Healing, Regeneration, and Musculoskeletal Repair: A Scoping Review
Review of earlier work
Journal not recorded · 2026
- Thymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals.
Review of earlier work
International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
- Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.
Review of earlier work
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies.
Review of earlier work
Cells · 2021
- Thymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside.
Review of earlier work
Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2018