Thymosin Beta-4
Tested in peopleGet notified when the evidence changes.
It has been tested in people, but it is not an approved medicine. The studies are usually small.
Compiled and reviewed by the PeptideSearch Editorial Team · Status checked 2026-08-04
Also called TB4 / Tβ4 / Timbetasin / RGN-259
The full-length natural protein that TB-500 is a fragment of. This version has been tested in people for eye and wound conditions.
TB-500 is a seven-amino-acid fragment of this protein, sold as a research chemical. Research on the fragment is far thinner than on the protein itself: see what the research shows on TB-500.
Watch: what the research shows
Thymosin Beta-4: What The Research Actually Shows
Nine studies in people — two never gave anyone the protein. None of the seven that did were about tendons or muscle.
Official status: Not nominated for 503A compounding · Checked 2026-08-04
Can a doctor prescribe this?
- Small pharmacy (503A)
- Never put forward to FDA
- Large outsourcing facility (503B)
- Never put forward to FDA
Not approved. Worth noting: human trial results for full-length Thymosin Beta-4 do not automatically apply to the shorter TB-500 fragment.
503A is a pharmacy making a single prescription for one patient. 503B is a facility making batches. They are governed by separate lists. Where a category is shown, it is a position on the FDA's list of substances that have been put forward and are still being worked through — not the final list, which is set by rulemaking. Category 1 means the FDA does not plan to act against a pharmacy that makes it while the review runs.
Lab suppliers we list: 3
Doses used in research
Taken word for word from the studies and trials listed on this page. This is not a recommendation and not a dose for anyone to take.
This is a sample, not the whole literature.
About 4,000 papers mentioning this compound have been published. We show a selected sample of 53 of them, not the full literature. How we choose them · count checked 2026-08-23
- Study in peopleRecombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion.
Cardiovascular research · 2025
- Study in people0.1% RGN-259 (Thymosin ß4) Ophthalmic Solution Promotes Healing and Improves Comfort in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Patients in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Phase III Clinical Trial.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
- Study in peopleRole of Thymosin Beta 4 in the diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and its relation to Metabolic Syndrome in Egyptian patients.
The Egyptian journal of immunology · 2022
- Study in peopleThymosin Beta 4 as an Early Biomarker in Sepsis Induced Acute Kidney Injury
2021
- Study in peopleThymosin β4 significantly improves signs and symptoms of severe dry eye in a phase 2 randomized trial.
Cornea · 2015
- Study in peopleA randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010
- Study in peopleThymosin beta-4 and venous ulcers: clinical remarks on a European prospective, randomized study on safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2007
- Data from people, not a trialIn Vitro Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Promoting Transplanted Fat Survival by Regulating Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024
- Data from people, not a trialAssociation between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.
International immunopharmacology · 2021
- Animal study, rats or miceEffects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study.
Joint diseases and related surgery · 2026
- Animal study, rats or miceInhaled exogenous thymosin beta 4 suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via TGF-β1 signalling pathway.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology · 2025
- Animal study, rats or miceThymosin beta 4 as an Alzheimer disease intervention target identified using human brain organoids.
Stem cell reports · 2025
- Animal study, rats or miceThymosin beta 4 prevents systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced plaque load in middle-age APP/PS1 mice.
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Animal study, rats or miceTargeted Deletion of Thymosin Beta 4 in Hepatic Stellate Cells Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in a Transgenic Mouse Model.
Cells · 2023
- Animal study, rats or miceExogenous Thymosin Beta 4 Suppresses IPF-Lung Cancer in Mice: Possibly Associated with Its Inhibitory Effect on the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
- Animal study, larger animalsNuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 counter-regulates thymosin beta-4 expression and primary cilium formation for HeLa cervical cancer cell survival.
Scientific reports · 2022
- Animal study, rats or miceRecombinant Human Thymosin Beta-4 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection.
Mediators of inflammation · 2021
- Animal study, rats or miceThymosin beta-4 prenatal administration improves fetal development and halts side effects due to preterm delivery.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2021
- Animal study, rats or miceThe role of thymosin beta 4 in renal podocyte function
2021
- Animal study, larger animalsDi-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced tumor growth is regulated by primary cilium formation via the axis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production-thymosin beta-4 gene expression.
International journal of medical sciences · 2021
- Animal study, rats or miceTransplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Obese Diabetic Rats Following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Thymosin Beta-4.
Cells · 2020
- Animal study, rats or miceThymosin Beta 4 Is Involved in the Development of Electroacupuncture Tolerance.
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019
- Lab dish studyUnderstanding the effects of ciprofloxacin on corneal epithelial cells: a study using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology.
Experimental eye research · 2026
- Lab dish studyThymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
- Lab dish studyEngineered Tandem Thymosin Peptide Promotes Corneal Wound Healing.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
- Lab dish studyActivation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4 during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-induced keratitis.
Frontiers in immunology · 2024
- Lab dish studyThymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Lab dish studyThymosin beta-4 participate in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.
Fish & shellfish immunology · 2023
- Lab dish study[Effect and mechanism of thymosin beta 4 on spinal cord-derived neural stem /progenitor cell injury induced by oxidative stress].
Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology · 2022
- Lab dish studyThymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.
Stem cell research & therapy · 2022
- Lab dish studyThymosin beta 4 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting ferroptosis via up-regulation of GPX4.
European journal of pharmacology · 2021
- Lab dish studyAdjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Corneal Infection.
Cells · 2021
- Lab dish studyAdjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences MΦ Effector Cell Function to Improve Disease Outcome in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Keratitis.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
- Lab dish studyAntimicrobial Effects of Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Induced Keratitis.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2020
- Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.
Free radical biology & medicine · 2025
- No abstract available, not yet classifiedTherapeutic potential of thymosin beta 4 in a variety of diseases.
Asian journal of surgery · 2024
- Thymosin Beta 4 Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Cells against PrP (106-126) via Neurotrophic Factor Signaling.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
- The preliminary study of exosomes derived from thymosin beta 4-treated adipose-derived stem cells in fat grafting.
Genes & genomics · 2023
- Thymosin beta 4: A potential novel adjunct treatment for bacterial keratitis.
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Thymosin Beta 4 Inhibits LPS and ATP-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cells via the Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
- Aberrant Expression of Thymosin Beta-4 Correlates With Advanced Disease and BRAF V600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer.
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2022
- Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.
Microbial biotechnology · 2021
- Review of earlier workThymosin beta 4: An emerging therapeutic candidate for kidney diseases.
Peptides · 2026
- Review of earlier workSafety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
- Review of earlier workThymosin Beta-4 and TB-500 in Tissue Healing, Regeneration, and Musculoskeletal Repair: A Scoping Review
2026
- Review of earlier workEffects of Supplementation in Masters Athletes and Older Adults: A Narrative Review.
Current sports medicine reports · 2026
- Review of earlier workThymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.
International immunopharmacology · 2023
- Review of earlier workUtilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies.
Cells · 2021
- Review of earlier workThymosin beta 4 regulation of actin in sepsis.
Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2018
- Review of earlier workThymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside.
Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2018
- Retracted or withdrawn, not evidenceRetraction: The role of thymosin beta 4 on odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells.
PloS one · 2025
- Study in peopleThe effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010
- Animal study, rats or miceReparative Outcomes in Corneal Infection: Linking Adjunctive Tβ4 Treatment to Nerve Regeneration and Visual Function.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
Spot an error? corrections@peptidesearch.org