VIP
Tested in peopleIt has been tested in people, but it is not an approved medicine. The studies are usually small.
Also called Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Aviptadil / Zyesami
A natural body signal involved in inflammation and blood flow. Tested in people for lung conditions.
Can a doctor prescribe this?
No. Pharmacies are not on record as being allowed to make this into a medicine.
The FDA has not approved this as a medicine.
Not approved in the US. It has been studied under investigational status for lung conditions.
Official status: Not on the 503A bulks list. Checked 2026-08-04.
Lab suppliers we list: 3
Doses used in research
Taken word for word from the studies and trials listed on this page. This is not a recommendation and not a dose for anyone to take.
In human trials
100 mcg/mL
Pilot Trial of Valproate as Adjunctive Treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Early Course SchizophreniaPHASE4 · NCT02011750
“For the Sodium Valproate treatment group, this will be followed by a two week period to adjust the dose of DEP and attain therapeutic levels (50-100 µg/mL).”
See source wording
under the skin · weekly
Long-Term, Open Label Extension Study of Pemziviptadil (PB1046) in PAH Subjects Following Completion of Study PB1046-PT-CL-0004PHASE2 · NCT03795428
“Pemziviptadil (PB1046) Injection: Regardless of dose assignment, all subjects will be up-titrated in 0.2 mg/kg weekly increments, beginning with 0.4 mg/kg at Week 1, to the target dose of 1.2 mg/kg or higher depending on safety and tolerability.”
See source wording
into a vein · daily · for 10 days
ACTIV-3b: Therapeutics for Severely Ill Inpatients With COVID-19PHASE3 · NCT04843761
“Initial loading dose is 200 mg with all subsequent doses 100 mg..”
10 pmol
into a vein
PACAP-38 Infusion in Patients With Cluster HeadacheNA · NCT03814226
“PACAP38 (10 pmol/kg/min) is infused over 20 minutes, patients are observed before (15 minutes), during and after (70 minutes) infusion.”
See source wording
into a vein
Intravenous Aviptadil for Critical COVID-19 With Respiratory FailurePHASE2, PHASE3 · NCT04311697
“Patients will be administered Aviptadil IV in escalating doses of 50 pmol, 100 pmol, 150 pmol/kg/hr.”
See source wording
by mouth
CGRP, Estrogen, Cortisol, VIP, α-Amylase, PGE2, PGI2 and ß-Endorphin Levels in Menstrual Migraine Before and After TreximetPHASE4 · NCT01329562
“Tablet for oral administration contains sumatriptan 85mg / naproxen sodium 500mg..”
10 mg
Rizatriptan in Acute Treatment of Migraine in Patients With Unilateral Trigeminal-autonomic Symptoms.PHASE4 · NCT00753311
“Patient took 1 rizatriptan 10 mg wafer or placebo as soon as their migraine headache became of moderate or severe intensity..”
See source wording
3 times per week
Vascular Inflammation in Psoriasis Trial (The VIP Trial)PHASE4 · NCT01553058
“Humira will be given at an initial dose of 80mg followed by 40 mg the second week, subsequent doses will be given at 40mg and follow FDA dosing schedule..”
See source wording
for 2 weeks
Impact of Low-intensity Chemotherapy Combined With Short-course Blinatumomab on Allo-HSCT in Adults With Ph- B-ALLPHASE2 · NCT06930105
“Low-intensity chemotherapy (VIP regimen) * V (Vincristine): 1.4 mg/m² (max 2 mg) on days 1 and 8.”
1 g
Role of Topical Vancomycin in Reducing Infections in Hip and Knee ArthroplastyNA · NCT05972603
“1.0 g Vancomycin powder into the wound.”
See source wording
under the skin
Vascular Inflammation in Psoriasis - Extension StudyPHASE4 · NCT01866592
“Study participants will receive the FDA-approved dosing schedule for Adalimumab (Humira): an initial dose of 80mg followed by a 40mg maintenance dose every other week up to 52 weeks..”
See source wording
by mouth
Comparison of Treximet & Imitrex as They Affect the Levels of Inflammatory Markers When the Patient is Actively Having a Migraine HeadacheNot stated · NCT01916395
“sumatriptan 100mg tablet when migraine is moderate or severe in intensity.”
In animal studies
See source wording
pigs ·
Vasoactive intestinal peptide attenuates form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway along the retina-choroid-scleral axis.Experimental eye research · 2026
“Fifty-four 3-week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to FDM without injection, FDM with intravitreal VIP (six subgroups receiving 0.1-10000 pmol VIP), or FDM with intravitreal saline.”
- CGRP, VIP and PACAP plasmatic levels in migraine patients before and after anti-CGRP(R) monoclonal antibodies treatment.
Study in people
Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2026
- Modulating the VIP-VIPR pathway reprograms CAR T cells for superior antitumor efficacy in preclinical cancer models.
Animal study, rats or mice
Science translational medicine · 2026
- Vipr2 Gene Expression Is Upregulated in the Nucleus Accumbens of Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats During Early Life.
Animal study, rats or mice
Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026
- The Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Glucagon-like Peptide-2-Mediated Intestinal Lipid Handling.
Animal study, rats or mice
International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
- GABAergic Signaling from Arginine Vasopressin Neurons in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Is Essential for Maintaining the Estrous Cycle in Mice.
Animal study, rats or mice
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
- Restoring cortical disinhibition improves Huntington's disease phenotypes.
Animal study, rats or mice
Nature · 2026
- The Role of Inhibitory Neurons in Deviance Sound Detection in Regular and Random Statistical Contexts.
Animal study, rats or mice
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
- VIP Deficiency Increases Pro-fibrotic and Pro-inflammatory Biomarker Expression After World Trade Center Dust Exposure
Animal study, rats or mice
Journal not recorded · 2026
- 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors in the prelimbic cortex VIP-expressing interneurons: A mechanism for psychedelic-induced innate fear attenuation.
Animal study, rats or mice
British journal of pharmacology · 2026
- Acupuncture regulates gut microbiota and metabolites in a rat model of chronic migraine.
Animal study, rats or mice
Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society · 2026
- Non-Hebbian Long-Term Depression at VIP Interneuron Inputs Selectively Tunes Inhibition in Disinhibitory Circuits of Mouse Hippocampus.
Animal study, rats or mice
Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026
- Postsynaptic Induction and Presynaptic Expression of Long-Term Potentiation at Excitatory Synapses on Layer 2/3 VIP Interneurons in the Somatosensory Cortex.
Animal study, rats or mice
The European journal of neuroscience · 2026
- Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on neuroexcitability of female-specific subpopulation of myelinated Ah-type neurons isolated from trigeminal ganglia of adult female rats.
Animal study, rats or mice
Neuropeptides · 2026
- Stress-type specific changes of VIP signaling in limbic regions of the rat brain.
Animal study, rats or mice
Neuroscience letters · 2026
- Stable, Variable, Encoding: Distinct Roles of SST, VIP, and EXC Neurons in Visual Novelty Processing
Animal study, rats or mice
Journal not recorded · 2026
- Hypothalamic clock governs circadian pain.
Animal study, rats or mice
Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
- Tail-Suspension Model of Simulated Microgravity-Induced Functional Dyspepsia in Rats: Behavioral, Motility, and Brain-Gut Peptide Alterations.
Animal study, rats or mice
International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
- Investigation of vasoactive intestinal peptide expression and significance in a congenital diaphragmatic hernia animal model.
Animal study, rats or mice
Pediatric surgery international · 2025
- Investigation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Expression and Significance in a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Animal Model
Animal study, rats or mice
Journal not recorded · 2025
- Contribution of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide to the Depressant Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-2 on Neurally Induced Contractile Responses in Mouse Ileal Preparations.
Animal study, rats or mice
International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
- PKCδ-Drp1 Axis Mediates VIP-Induced Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Metabolic Crisis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
Lab dish study
Drug development research · 2026
- Finding functional gaps: integrative analysis of VPAC1- and VPAC2-mediated signalling pathways in human lymphocytes.
Lab dish study
Cell & bioscience · 2026
- Osteoprotective effects of the neuropeptide VIP: insights from triple cultures of human osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.
Lab dish study
Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2026
- Vip<sup>+</sup> vagal neurons control allergen-induced responses.
Cell reports · 2026
- Elevated vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations poorly predict VIPoma.
Endocrine-related cancer · 2026
- Inhaled Aviptadil for Post-COVID Lung Injury: Early Promise, Future Directions.
Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026
- Exploration of the regulatory mechanism of the vasoactive intestinal peptide-eosinophil axis in sheep resistance to Moniezia benedeni infection.
Veterinary parasitology · 2026
- <b>Severe hypokalaemia and secretory diarrhoea secondary to a vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumour (VIPoma</b>).
BMJ case reports · 2026
- Motor Cortex VIP Interneurons Participate in Dexmedetomidine-Associated Sleep Modulation.
Molecular neurobiology · 2026
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Induces Autophagy and Cytotoxicity in Renal Cell Carcinoma via SIRT3-Dependent Signaling Pathway.
Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026
- Neuronal VIP wires the intestinal epithelial cell function.
Mucosal immunology · 2026
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide advances chondrogenesis and modulates pathogenic mediators in human osteoarthritis.
Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide attenuates form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway along the retina-choroid-scleral axis.
Experimental eye research · 2026
- Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with VIPoma-A retrospective analysis of the ENETS database.
Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026
- Neuronal VIP shapes intestinal stem cell activity and mucosal immunity.
Cell stem cell · 2026
- All-optical electrophysiology reveals behavior-dependent dynamics of excitation and inhibition in the hippocampus.
Neuron · 2026
- Multi-stable oscillations in cortical networks with two classes of inhibition.
PLoS computational biology · 2026
- The VIP-VIPR2 axis strengthens intestinal barrier integrity and antimicrobial immunity in Ctenopharyngodon idella.
Developmental and comparative immunology · 2026
- Optogenetic circuit mapping reveals connectivity and synaptic physiology of T-stellate projections from the cochlear nucleus to the auditory midbrain
Journal not recorded · 2026
- Functional Continuum of GABAergic Synaptic Dynamics Reflects Genetic Identities
Journal not recorded · 2026
- VIPR1 acts as an enteric neural checkpoint that suppresses intestinal stem cell-driven epithelial regeneration and exacerbates colitis.
Cell stem cell · 2026
- Layer 1 NDNF interneurons modulate thalamocortical input to the auditory cortex.
iScience · 2026
- Aviptadil in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Promise or Mirage?
Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025
- Vasoactive intestinal Peptide as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.
Review of earlier work
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2026
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide associated 8-gene signature with prognostic and immune associations in melanoma.
Review of earlier work
Medicine · 2026
- Myopia pathogenesis and vasoactive intestinal peptide: Molecular mechanisms, experimental models, and clinical implications.
Review of earlier work
Experimental eye research · 2026
- A Historical Review of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Sepsis.
Review of earlier work
Biology · 2026
- GPCR-selective effects of endocytosis on cellular signaling through the cAMP/PKA cascade.
Review of earlier work
The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026
- Aviptadil Therapy in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Review of earlier work
Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025