Glutathione
Tested in peopleIt has been tested in people, but it is not an approved medicine. The studies are usually small.
Also called GSH / L-Glutathione / Reduced glutathione
A three-piece antioxidant the body makes naturally. Widely sold, though injected forms sit in a regulatory gray area.
Can a doctor prescribe this?
No. Pharmacies are not on record as being allowed to make this into a medicine.
The FDA has not approved this as a medicine.
An FDA advisory panel voted in favor of this in 2022 and it is still not on the list — a useful reminder that a favorable vote does not mean quick approval.
Official status: Not on the 503A bulks list. Checked 2026-08-04.
Lab suppliers we list: 9
Doses used in research
Taken word for word from the studies and trials listed on this page. This is not a recommendation and not a dose for anyone to take.
In human trials
500 mg
by mouth · twice daily · for 1 month
Effect of Ashwagandha on Salivary Antioxidant and Serum c Reactive Protein in Chronic Generalized PeriodontitisPHASE1, PHASE2 · NCT03533972
“subjects will be provided with Ashwagandha capsules 500 mg twice daily, after meals with plain water for 1 month.”
See source wording
by mouth · twice daily
Effects of Selenium and Melatonin on Ocular Ischemic SyndromeEARLY_PHASE1 · NCT04005222
“The patients in this group were supplemented with oral selenium at 0.1mg/kg doses twice daily for one month.”
See source wording
by mouth · for 2 days
Glutathione Levels and CompulsivityNA · NCT02794389
“1200mg for 2 days 2400mg for 7 days.”
900 mg
by mouth · for 28 weeks
N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) in Early Phase Schizophrenia Spectrum PsychosisPHASE2 · NCT01354132
“900 mg effervescent PharmaNAC tablet in water or juice: two tablets in the AM, one tablet in PM.”
50 mg
for 10 months
The Impact of Zinc Supplementation on Left Ventricular Function in Nonischemic CardiomyopathyPHASE1 · NCT00696410
“Zinc acetate 50 mg po TID for 10 months.”
75 mcg/Kg
under the skin · every 3 days
Treating Oxidative Stress in Children With AutismNA · NCT00692315
“75 ug/Kg methylB12 every 3 days by subcutaneous injection.”
121 mg
Cysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill NeonatesPHASE2, PHASE3 · NCT00254176
“cysteine-HCl supplementation 121 mg per kg per day.”
See source wording
Glutathione and Its Precursors in HIV-Infected PatientsPHASE2 · NCT00910442
“Dietary supplement:N-acetylcysteine 1g/day and Glutamine 20g/day for 7 consecutive days.”
900 mg
daily · for 8 weeks
GWICTIC: NAC Mechanistic Study in Gulf War VeteransEARLY_PHASE1 · NCT04987775
“900mg 2x daily.”
See source wording
by mouth · twice per day
Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine in Treatment of Overt Diabetic NephropathyPHASE2, PHASE3 · NCT00556465
“600 mg of effervescent N-acetylcysteine tablet twice per day for three months.”
See source wording
for 14 days
Effect of the Combination of Pterostilbene Cocrystal With Silybin and Nicotinamide Riboside on Exercise-Induced Oxidative StressNA · NCT07024966
“Participants will take 2 sachets, each containing 340 mg of ccPT, silybin and nicotinamide riboside, and 1.91 g of excipients..”
See source wording
by mouth · for 12 weeks
Black Seed Oil in ADHDPHASE2 · NCT06542887
“Participants will continue receiving their treatment with atomoxetine at a dose of 0.5-1.4 mg/kg/day.”
See source wording
by mouth
A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum DisorderPHASE4 · NCT05954052
“The proposed dose range for Glutathione in this study will be 1000mg-3000mg/day based on the subject's weight.”
65 mg/kg/day
by mouth
The Role of Oral Glutathione on Growth Parameters in Children With Cystic FibrosisPHASE2 · NCT03020719
“Oral Glutathione oral powder at 65mg/kg/day.”
See source wording
into a vein
Treatment of Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis With Corticoids Plus N Acetyl Cysteine Versus Corticoids AlonePHASE3 · NCT00863785
“40 mg/d prednisolone N Acetyl Cysteine infusion 150mg/kg in 30 minutes then 50 mg/kg in 4 h then 100mg/kg in 16 h and finally 100mg/d2 to d5.”
In animal studies
See source wording
rats · by mouth · for 7 days
Redox-Associated Renal and Male Reproductive Alterations Following Dexamethasone Exposure in Male Rats: Histopathological and Spermatological Evaluations.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026
“Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 7): control, DEX (7 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, for 7 days), GSH (0.2 g/kg/day, oral gavage, for 7 days), co-administration (DEX + GSH for 7 days; DG7), and extended treatment (DEX + GSH for 7 days followed by seven additional days of GSH; DG14).”
100 mg
rats · another route · for 8 weeks
[Paeoniflorin alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis via Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway].Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica · 2026
“In vivo, 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, Fer-1, and paeoniflorin low-, medium-, and high-dose(25, 50, and 100 mg·kg~(-1)) groups.”
See source wording
rats · into a muscle
Cardioprotective effects of acetate supplementation against fructose-induced cardiac injury in pregnant Wistar rats.Current research in physiology · 2026
“Methods Thirty female Wistar rats with a mean weight of 135 ± 15g were divided into pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) cohorts (n = 15 each).”
See source wording
rats · for 14 days
The Protective Effect of Galangin on Histopathological Lesions, Immunohistochemical Findings and Spermatological Parameters in Phthalate-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats.Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2026
“For this purpose, experimental groups were designed as follows: (Control: no treatment applied, Solvent: 5 mL/kg/day corn oil applied, Phthalate (PHT): 2 g/kg DEHP applied, Galangin GL-5, GL-10 and GL-15: galangin applied at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively, PHT + GL-5, PHT + GL-10 and PHT + GL-15: galangin applied at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively, 1 h after 2 g/kg DEHP dissolved in 5 mL/kg corn oil).”
50 mg/kg
mice · by mouth
Efficient pulmonary-targeted therapy and mechanistic insights of a novel glutathione dry powder inhaler in a model of radiation-induced lung injury.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026
“In a murine RILI model, GSH-DPI (50 mg/kg, intrapulmonary administration) demonstrated superior efficacy in alleviating histopathological damage, restoring immune homeostasis, and reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared to equimolar liquid GSH or high-dose oral administration.”
See source wording
mice · another route
In vivo evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of melittin on doxorubicin-induced acute and chronic neurotoxicity in mice.Brain research · 2026
“Melittin was administered at doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg.”
See source wording
mice · by mouth · for 30 days
Naringenin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity by Restoring Glutathione Homeostasis and Suppressing Lipid Peroxidation in a Murine ModelJournal not recorded · 2026
“The present study investigated whether oral naringenin supplementation (50 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days) could mitigate cisplatin-induced oxidative injury to the liver and kidney in male Swiss albino mice.”
See source wording
rats · under the skin
Algerian bee Venom attenuates formaldehyde-induced acute inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2026
“One hour later, rats received either subcutaneous bee venom (0.76 mg/kg) or oral diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug.”
See source wording
rats · by mouth
Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of etoxazole in rats: dose-response relationships, oxidative stress mechanisms, and provisional NOAEL/LOAEL estimates.Toxicology mechanisms and methods · 2026
“Six groups of seven female rats each received normal control (NC) or ETX at 25, 100, 250, 500, or 750 mg/kg/day by gavage for 28 consecutive days.”
See source wording
rats · for 30 days
Protective effects of L-theanine against bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress and gut microbiota disruption in Wistar rats.Molecular biology reports · 2026
“Methods and results In the present study, female Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control, BPA (50 mg/kg/day), and BPA + LTN (100 mg/kg/day) and treated for 30 days.”
See source wording
rats · for 6 months
Long-Term Low-Dose of Nitrate Administration Improves Antioxidant Defence System in Insulin-Sensitive Tissues of Type 2 Diabetic Rats.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026
“T2D was induced using a high-fat diet followed by a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg).”
See source wording
pigs · weekly
Effect of S-abscisic acid supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of nursery pigs.Translational animal science · 2026
“Treatments included a conventional nursery diet (Control) and 3 diets which used the Control formulation with increasing S-ABA (0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg).”
15 g
cats · by mouth · for 3 months
Metabolic and Antioxidant Status, Telomere Lengths of Individuals With Prediabetes in Context of 3 Months of Insoluble Dietary Fibre Intake During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026
“Methods The study included 29 adults with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) who received 15 g/day of IF for 3 months.”
See source wording
chickens · another route · daily
The Effects of Reduced Glutathione on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Immune-Stressed Broiler Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
“One-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to five groups: group K (control), group L (lipopolysaccharide), and three glutathione supplementation groups, Y1 (50 mg/kg), Y2 (100 mg/kg), and Y3 (200 mg/kg).”
25 mg/kg
rats ·
Antioxidant Properties of Novel Lipophilic Fluoroquinolone Compounds Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Acetaminophen and Carbon Tetrachloride in Male Wistar Rats.Biomolecules · 2026
“FQ compounds (25 mg/kg) were administered six hours after CCl 4 or APAP administration.”
- A Targeted Metabolomic Assessment of Oral Glutathione Bioavailability and Safety in Humans: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.
Study in people
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
- Redox-Associated Renal and Male Reproductive Alterations Following Dexamethasone Exposure in Male Rats: Histopathological and Spermatological Evaluations.
Animal study, rats or mice
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026
- [In old age, female prematurely aging mice - who show lower antioxidant defenses than their controls in adulthood - reach similar defense levels but maintain higher oxidation].
Animal study, rats or mice
Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologia · 2026
- [Paeoniflorin alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis via Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway].
Animal study, rats or mice
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica · 2026
- Cardioprotective effects of acetate supplementation against fructose-induced cardiac injury in pregnant Wistar rats.
Animal study, rats or mice
Current research in physiology · 2026
- Characterizing the Reactive Metabolites of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Inhibitor PLX5622 in Liver Microsomes and Mice.
Animal study, rats or mice
Chemical research in toxicology · 2026
- The Protective Effect of Galangin on Histopathological Lesions, Immunohistochemical Findings and Spermatological Parameters in Phthalate-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats.
Animal study, rats or mice
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2026
- Efficient pulmonary-targeted therapy and mechanistic insights of a novel glutathione dry powder inhaler in a model of radiation-induced lung injury.
Animal study, rats or mice
Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026
- In vivo evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of melittin on doxorubicin-induced acute and chronic neurotoxicity in mice.
Animal study, rats or mice
Brain research · 2026
- Naringenin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity by Restoring Glutathione Homeostasis and Suppressing Lipid Peroxidation in a Murine Model
Animal study, rats or mice
Journal not recorded · 2026
- Concurrent quantification of oxidized and reduced glutathione and cysteine by targeted mass spectrometry: Applications to ocular tissue biology.
Animal study, rats or mice
Experimental eye research · 2026
- Algerian bee Venom attenuates formaldehyde-induced acute inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats.
Animal study, rats or mice
Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2026
- Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of etoxazole in rats: dose-response relationships, oxidative stress mechanisms, and provisional NOAEL/LOAEL estimates.
Animal study, rats or mice
Toxicology mechanisms and methods · 2026
- Protective effects of L-theanine against bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress and gut microbiota disruption in Wistar rats.
Animal study, rats or mice
Molecular biology reports · 2026
- Changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant and serum biochemistry parameters: A comparison between pregnant and non-pregnant dogs.
Dog study
Theriogenology · 2026
- A GSH-scavenging and synthesis-blocking microneedle patch for augmenting photodynamic eradication of diabetic wound biofilms.
Lab dish study
Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2026
- Decreased levels of reduced glutathione impair Th1 immune responses and exacerbate Cryptococcus neoformans infection in diabetic mice.
Lab dish study
Microbial pathogenesis · 2026
- Estradiol Reshapes Cell-Type-Dependent Basal Redox Set-Points in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.
Lab dish study
Biomedicines · 2026
- Long-Term Low-Dose of Nitrate Administration Improves Antioxidant Defence System in Insulin-Sensitive Tissues of Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Lab dish study
Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15 as biomarkers for oxidative stress in children with methylmalonic acidemia.
BMC pediatrics · 2026
- Dual-ligand Zr-based metal-organic framework probe with turn-on fluorescent response for dual-channel live cell imaging of phosphate and glutathione.
Mikrochimica acta · 2026
- Cisplatin and ε-Viniferin Synergistically Modulate Oxidative Stress in HeLa Cells: Implications for Redox Modulation in Cervical Cancer Cells.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
- Effect of S-abscisic acid supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of nursery pigs.
Translational animal science · 2026
- Changes in Paraoxonase-1 and Sialic Acid Levels due to Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Response in Sheep Naturally Infected with Anaplasma spp.
Measured levels in people, no peptide given
Acta parasitologica · 2026
- Caffeic Acid, Reduced Glutathione, and Ferric Iron Addition Effects on the Redox Potential of Model Wine Solutions.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
- A First-Principles Study of l‑Glutathione Adsorption on Chiral Gold Nanoparticles.
ACS materials Au · 2026
- Grafting Onto a Tolerant Rootstock Enhances Grapevine Tolerance to Combined Salt and Drought Stress.
Physiologia plantarum · 2026
- Glutaredoxins rapidly reduce glutathione hydroper- and polysulfides
Journal not recorded · 2026
- HAX1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through Modulation of Iron Homeostasis and the GSH/GPX4 Pathway.
International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
- Glutathione promotes somatic embryogenesis by regulating ThGPX4 in Taxodium hybrid 'zhongshanshan'.
Tree physiology · 2026
- Metabolic and Antioxidant Status, Telomere Lengths of Individuals With Prediabetes in Context of 3 Months of Insoluble Dietary Fibre Intake During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic.
Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026
- NRF2/xCT-Mediated Antioxidant Adaptation Attenuates Apoptosis Induced by ASCT2 Inhibition in Prostate Cancer.
Cancer science · 2026
- A highly sensitive Au@Pd NRs SERS microarray chip based on electrophoretic deposition for detection of GSH in the serum of colorectal cancer patients.
RSC advances · 2026
- Effects of dietary glutathione supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant function and intestinal morphology in growing male minks.
PloS one · 2026
- From dark-brown to yellow: metabolomics reveals ROS alterations regulating glutathione metabolism to control cap color changes in Flammulina filiformis.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) · 2026
- The Effects of Reduced Glutathione on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Immune-Stressed Broiler Chickens.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
- The Circadian Oscillator Affects Both Glutathione Homeostasis and Its Response to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Plant, cell & environment · 2026
- Transcriptional profiling of glutathione metabolism and the glutathione redox cycle of <i>Festuca sinensis</i> infected with <i>Epichloë sinensis</i> in response to Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>.
Frontiers in plant science · 2026
- Physiological and molecular responses of coelomocytes to low- to mid-frequency acoustic exposure in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics · 2026
- miR-145-5p Targets KLF4 to Regulate the SIRT3/GPX4 Axis, Mediating Ferroptosis and Exacerbating Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy.
Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026
- Glutathione Redox Activity-An Adaptative Mechanism in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Measured levels in people, no peptide given
International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
- Reductive Stress and Ferroptosis: Linking Insulin Signaling to Metabolic Dysfunction.
Biomolecules · 2026
- Multi-Element Exposure in a High-Altitude Páramo Mining District and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Gold Miners.
Measured levels in people, no peptide given
Toxics · 2026
- Targeting Reduced Glutathione (GSH) to Promote Metabolic Health: Insights on the Role of Bioactive-Rich Foods and Fasting Protocols.
Review of earlier work
International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
- Extender-dependent effects of reduced glutathione on post-thaw boar sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review of earlier work
Animal reproduction science · 2026
- Glutathione in Skin Aging and Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review of Molecular Mechanisms, Redox Modulation, and Biomedical Implications.
Review of earlier work
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
- Injectable amyloid-structured hydrogel incorporating amorphous calcium phosphate promotes periodontal tissue regeneration by mimicking enamel matrix proteins (EMPs).
Review of earlier work
Biomaterials · 2026
- Multifunctional Glutathione Enables ISOS-Robust Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via Dipole Engineering and Redox-Driven Self-Healing.
Review of earlier work
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
- In Vitro and In Silico Investigations of the Acaricidal Activity of Carvacrol Against Rhipicephalus annulatus.
Review of earlier work
Acta parasitologica · 2026
- Antioxidant Properties of Novel Lipophilic Fluoroquinolone Compounds Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Acetaminophen and Carbon Tetrachloride in Male Wistar Rats.
Review of earlier work
Biomolecules · 2026